
Background
Early Incident Identification
Disc Consulting Enterprises (DCE) has identified some potentially suspicious attacks on their network and computer systems. The attacks are thought to be a new type of attack from a skilled threat actor. To date, the attacks have only been identified ‘after the fact’ by examining post-exploitation activities of the attacker on compromised systems.
Unfortunately, the attackers are skilled enough to evade detection and the exact mechanisms of their exploits have not been identified.
The incident response team, including IT services, security operations, security architecture, risk management, the CISO (Chief Information Security Officer), and the CTO (Chief Technology Officer) have been meeting regularly to determine next steps.
It has been suggested that the security architecture and operations teams could try to implement some real-time threat detection using machine learning models that build on earlier consultancy your firm has completed (i.e., building upon your Assessment 1 work).
Data description
The data have already been provided (in Assessment 1), and the ML team (you) have undertaken some initial cleaning and analysis.
Things to keep in mind:
- Each event record is a snapshot triggered by an individual network ‘packet’. The exact triggering conditions for the snapshot are unknown. But it is known that multiple packets are exchanged in a ‘TCP conversation’ between the source and the target before an event is triggered and a record created. It is also known that each event record is anomalous in some way (the SIEM logs many events that may be suspicious).
- The malicious events account for a very small amount of data. As such, your training needs to consider the “imbalanced” data and the effect these data may have on accuracy (both specificity and sensitivity).
A very small proportion of the data are known to be corrupted by their source systems and some data are incomplete or incorrectly tagged. The incident response team indicated this is likely to be less than a few hundred records.
| Assembled Payload Size (continuous) | The total size of the inbound suspicious payload. Note: This would contain the data sent by the attacker in the “TCP conversation” up until the event was triggered |
| DYNRiskA Score (continuous) | An un-tested in-built risk score assigned by a new SIEM plug-in |
| IPV6 Traffic (binary) | A flag indicating whether the triggering packet was using IPV6 or IPV4 protocols (True = IPV6) |
| Response Size (continuous) | The total size of the reply data in the TCP conversation prior to the triggering packet |
| Source Ping Time (ms) (continuous) | The ‘ping’ time to the IP address which triggered the event record. This is affected by network structure, number of ‘hops’ and even physical distances. E.g.: < 1 ms is typically local to the device1-5ms is usually located in the local network5-50ms is often geographically local to a country~100-250ms is trans-continental to servers250+ may be trans-continental to a small network. Note, these are estimates only and many factors can influence ping times. |
| Operating System (Categorical) | A limited ‘guess’ as to the operating system that generated the inbound suspicious connection. This is not accurate, but it should be somewhat consistent for each ‘connection’ |
| Connection State (Categorical) | An indication of the TCP connection state at the time the packet was triggered. |
| Connection Rate (continuous) | The number of connections per second by the inbound suspicious connection made prior to the event record creation |
| Ingress Router (Binary) | DCE has two main network connections to the ‘world’. This field indicates which connection the events arrived through |
| Server Response Packet Time (ms) (continuous) | An estimation of the time from when the payload was sent to when the reply |
| packet was generated. This may indicate server processing time/load for the event | |
| Packet Size (continuous) | The size of the triggering packet |
| Packet TTL (continuous) | The time-to-live of the previous inbound packet. TTL can be a measure of how many ‘hops’ (routers) a packet has traversed before arriving at our network. |
| Source IP Concurrent Connection (Continuous) | How many concurrent connections were open from the source IP at the time the event was triggered |
| Class (Binary) | Indicates if the event was confirmed malicious, i.e. 0 = Non-malicious, 1 = Malicious |
The needle in the haystack
The data were gathered over a period of time and processed by several systems in order to associate specific events with confirmed malicious activities. However, the number of confirmed malicious events was very low, with these events accounting for less than 1% of all logged network events.
Because the events associated with malicious traffic are quite rare, rate of ‘false negatives’ and ‘false positives’ are important.
Scenario
Following the meetings of the security incident response team, it has been decided to try to make an ‘early warning’ system that extends the functionality of their current SIEM. It has been proposed that DCE engage 3rd party developers to create a ‘smart detection plugin’ for the SIEM.
The goal is to have a plug-in that would extract data from real-time network events, send it to an external system (your R script) and receive a classification in return.
However, for the plugin to be effective it must consider the alert-fatigue experienced by security operations teams as excessive false-positives can lead to the team ignoring real incidents. But, because the impact of a successful attack is very high, false negatives could result in attackers overtaking the whole network.
You job
Your job is to develop the detection algorithms that will provide the most accurate incident detection. You do not need to concern yourself about the specifics of the SIEM plugin or software integration, i.e., your task is to focus on accurate classification of malicious events using R.
You are to test and evaluate two machine learning algorithms to determine which supervised learning model is best for the task as described.
Task
You are to import and clean the same MLData2023.csv, that was used in the previous assignment. Then run, tune and evaluate two supervised ML algorithms (each with two types of training data) to identify the most accurate way of classifying malicious events.
Part 1 – General data preparation and cleaning
- Import the MLData2023.csv into R Studio. This version is the same as Assignment 1.
- Write the appropriate code in R Studio to prepare and clean the MLData2023 dataset as follows:
- Clean the whole dataset based on what you have suggested / feedback received for Assignment 1.
- Filter the data to only include cases labelled with Class = 0 or 1.
- For the feature Operating.System, merge the three Windows categories together to form a new category, say Windows_All. Furthermore, merge iOS, Linux (Unknown), and Other to form the new category named Others. Hint: use the forcats:: fct_collapse(.) function.
- Similarly, for the feature Connection.State, merge INVALID, NEW and RELATED for form the new category named Others.
- Select only the complete cases using the na.omit(.) function, and name the dataset MLData2023_cleaned.
Briefly outline the preparation and cleaning process in your report and why you believe the above steps were necessary.
- Use the code below to generated two training datasets (one unbalanced mydata.ub.train and one balanced mydata.b.train) along with the testing set (mydata.test). Make sure you enter your student ID into the command set.seed(.).
For each of your two ML modelling approaches, you will need to:
statistics (i.e. CV results, tables and plots), where appropriate. If you are using repeated CVs, a minimum of 2 repeats are required.
For the precision, recall and F-score metrics, you will need to do a bit of research as to how they can be calculated. Make sure you define each of the above metrics in the context of the study.
What to submitGather your findings into a report (maximum of 5 pages) and citing relevant sources, if necessary. Present how and why the data was ‘cleaned and prepared’, how the ML models were tuned and provide the relevant CV results. Lastly, present how they performed to each other in both the unbalanced and balanced scenarios. You may use graphs, tables and images where appropriate to help your reader understand your findings. All tables and figures should be appropriately captioned, and referenced in-text. Make a final recommendation on which ML modelling approach is the best for this task. Your final report should look professional, include appropriate headings and subheadings, should cite facts and reference source materials in APA-7th format. Your submission must include the following:
Note that no marks will be given if the results you have provided cannot be confirmed by your code. No more than 20% of your code can be from online resources, including ChatGPT. Furthermore, all pages exceeding the 5-page limit will not be read or examined. Marking Criteria
Academic Misconduct Edith Cowan University regards academic misconduct of any form as unacceptable. Academic misconduct, which includes but is not limited to, plagiarism; unauthorised collaboration; cheating in examinations; theft of other student’s work; collusion; inadequate and incorrect referencing; will be dealt with in accordance with the ECU Rule 40 Academic Misconduct (including Plagiarism) Policy. Ensure that you are familiar with the Academic Misconduct Rules. Assignment ExtensionsInstructions to apply for extensions are available on the ECU Online Extension Request and Tracking System to formally lodge your assignment extension request. The link is also available on Canvas in the Assignment section. Normal work commitments, family commitments and extra-curricular activities are not accepted as grounds for granting you an extension of time because you are expected to plan ahead for your assessment due dates. Where the assignment is submitted not more than 7 days late, the penalty shall, for each day that it is late, be 5% of the maximum assessment available for the assignment. Where the assignment is more than 7 days late, a mark of zero shall be awarded. ![]() Get expert help for Machine Learning Modelling and many more. 24X7 help, plag free solution. Order online now! Universal Assignment (November 17, 2025) Assignment 2 Machine Learning Modelling. Retrieved from https://universalassignment.com/assignment-2-machine-learning-modelling/. "Assignment 2 Machine Learning Modelling." Universal Assignment - November 17, 2025, https://universalassignment.com/assignment-2-machine-learning-modelling/ Universal Assignment May 22, 2023 Assignment 2 Machine Learning Modelling., viewed November 17, 2025,<https://universalassignment.com/assignment-2-machine-learning-modelling/> Universal Assignment - Assignment 2 Machine Learning Modelling. [Internet]. [Accessed November 17, 2025]. Available from: https://universalassignment.com/assignment-2-machine-learning-modelling/ "Assignment 2 Machine Learning Modelling." Universal Assignment - Accessed November 17, 2025. https://universalassignment.com/assignment-2-machine-learning-modelling/ "Assignment 2 Machine Learning Modelling." Universal Assignment [Online]. Available: https://universalassignment.com/assignment-2-machine-learning-modelling/. [Accessed: November 17, 2025] Please note along with our service, we will provide you with the following deliverables:
Please do not hesitate to put forward any queries regarding the service provision. We look forward to having you on board with us. Recent AssignmentsCategoriesGet 90%* Discount on Assignment HelpMost Frequent Questions & AnswersUniversal Assignment Services is the best place to get help in your all kind of assignment help. We have 172+ experts available, who can help you to get HD+ grades. We also provide Free Plag report, Free Revisions,Best Price in the industry guaranteed. We provide all kinds of assignmednt help, Report writing, Essay Writing, Dissertations, Thesis writing, Research Proposal, Research Report, Home work help, Question Answers help, Case studies, mathematical and Statistical tasks, Website development, Android application, Resume/CV writing, SOP(Statement of Purpose) Writing, Blog/Article, Poster making and so on. We are available round the clock, 24X7, 365 days. You can appach us to our Whatsapp number +1 (613)778 8542 or email to info@universalassignment.com . We provide Free revision policy, if you need and revisions to be done on the task, we will do the same for you as soon as possible. We provide services mainly to all major institutes and Universities in Australia, Canada, China, Malaysia, India, South Africa, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We provide lucrative discounts from 28% to 70% as per the wordcount, Technicality, Deadline and the number of your previous assignments done with us. After your assignment request our team will check and update you the best suitable service for you alongwith the charges for the task. After confirmation and payment team will start the work and provide the task as per the deadline. Yes, we will provide Plagirism free task and a free turnitin report along with the task without any extra cost. No, if the main requirement is same, you don’t have to pay any additional amount. But it there is a additional requirement, then you have to pay the balance amount in order to get the revised solution. The Fees are as minimum as $10 per page(1 page=250 words) and in case of a big task, we provide huge discounts. We accept all the major Credit and Debit Cards for the payment. We do accept Paypal also. Popular AssignmentsProject Development and Analysis in Emerging TechnologiesAssessment Brief- Assessment 2 Unit Code/Description ICT305 – Topics in IT Course/Subject BIT Semester 2024- S1 Unit Learning Outcomes Addressed ULO 1, 2, and 3. Assessment Objective The primary objective of this assessment is to provide students with hands-on experience in designing, implementing, and analysing a project in one of EDUC1006 Interdisciplinary Studies: Crossing the lineASSESSMENT 2: Report Summary Title Assessment 2 Type Report Due Date Thursday 17 April, 11.59 pm (end of Week 6) Length 1500 words or equivalent Weighting 50% Academic Integrity The use of GenAI is allowed but limited for this assessment task. Submission Word document or PDF submitted to Turnitin Unit Writing in Community DevelopmentAssessment Overview Overview Length or Duration Worth Due This essay should demonstrate a coherent argument, which is backed up by evidence from relevant journal articles, books and websites. You are expected to make two direct quotations only; and the rest should be paraphrases. You should also list at least eight sources. If you are unsure of Counselling Theory and Practice in SchoolsAssignment 1 Requirements Word limit 2500 words; excluding references Referencing You’re required to follow APA Academic Integrity Please refer to the Guidelines Task Purpose 🎯 This assessment task is designed to develop and assess students’ critical thinking and reflective skills, essential for counselling professionals in educational contexts. By engaging in a literature PSY1040 Cultural Responsiveness Self-AssessmentPSY1040 Cultural Responsiveness Self-Assessment The below self-assessment tool has been adapted from the following resource: Bennett, B., & Morse, C. (2023). The Continuous Improvement Cultural Responsiveness Tools (CICRT): Creating more culturally responsive social workers. Australian Social Work, 76(3), 315–329. Bennett’s collection of Cultural Responsiveness Self-Assessment Tools is designed for social workers TEAC7094 Assessment 2 Report: Analysis of a Student Work SampleTEAC7094 Assessment 2 Report: Analysis of a Student Work SampleRemember to include a completed Cover Sheet for this task. CONTEXT PROBLEM AND SOLUTION (approx. 600 – 800 words) RECOMMENDATIONS (approx. 400 words) CONCLUSION REFERENCES Appendix One: Annotated and coded interview transcript from working with the child Appendix Two: Annotated and Psychological Data Analysis ReportWritten Assignment This page outlines the major written assignment and the steps involved in preparing for submission. This assignment will allow you to develop essential skills in analysing and interpreting a data set to address a psychological issue and report the results in APA style. Note that separate documents are Principles of EconomicsPrinciples of Economics Short-answer Assignment V1 (20% of final mark) The assignment consists of four questions. You should allocate at least half a page (or 250 words) to each answer or 1000 words for all four answers depending on the nature of and/or marks allocated for the question/s. You may MRTY 5134 Laboratory Report AssignmentMRTY 5134 Laboratory Report Assignment Semester 1 2025Due 18th May 2025Answer TemplateEnter your name and student number below.Name:SID:Use this document to record your answers to the tasks described in the laboratoryreport assignment. When completed submit this document for marking via theassignment portal in Canvas.Things to note: Mind Map – Personal PhilosophyMind Map – Personal Philosophy Assessment 2 Assessment Overview Overview Length or Duration Worth Due Part A – Annotated mind-map (equivalent to 350 words). Part B – 350 word personal reflection about your history, identity and values and link it with concepts explored in the unit. Part A – 350 words equivalent Consumer Partnerships in OT PracticeASSESSMENT NUMBER 3 ASSESSMENT TYPE Written assignment DATE FOR SUBMISSION Refer to the Course Profile WEIGHTING 40% LENGTH Part A – 500 words Part B – 500 words Part C – 500 words Notes This word allocation includes in-text references but excludes the reference list.There is no allowance for HPSYSD101 The Evolution of PsychologyASSESSMENT 2 BRIEFSubject Code and Title HPSYSD101 The Evolution of Psychology Assessment Task Annotated BibliographyIndividual/Group IndividualLength 2,000 words (+/- 10%)Learning Outcomes The Subject Learning Outcomes demonstrated by successfulcompletion of the task below include:b) Examine the significant figures, events and ideas present inthe history of psychology.c) Identify and relate the key Literature Review and Reflection on Counselling in EducationAssessment Task SheetEDU6114 – Assessment 1 – Literature Review and Reflection Course Code and Name EDU6114 – Counselling in EducationAssessment Name Literature Review and Reflective EssayAssessment Item 1 Assessment Type EssayMarks/Weighting 50% Length 2500 words (excluding references)Assessed LearningOutcomesCLO 1, 3, 7 Due Date Please check Study Desk for Due DatesRationale NUTR1023 Health and Fitness through Diet and ExerciseSubject NUTR1023 Health and Fitness through Diet and Exercise Assessment Personal Diet and Exercise Plan Learning Objectives Apply the principles of training to develop a personal exercise program with appropriate mode/intensity/frequency to develop the students’ own health and fitness.Apply the current dietary guidelines to develop a personal diet plan for Behaviour Support Plan & ReflectionOverview Submit your support plan and reflective piece as one document. Description Part A: Support plan (1750 words) For a case study develop a support plan. This plan should aim to support an individual to reduce the need for a behaviour that challenges to occur. Collect and analyse data on a behaviour ASSESSMENT 2: Child Study ReportASSESSMENT 2: Child Study Report Moderater very strict on Rubric, its her bible, so please look into it Assignment – Written Assignment Due Date: 28th May, 23:59 (AEST) Weight: 60% Description (2500-3000 words): In this task, you are required to apply your knowledge of observational methods and child development to write Arts Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Arts is a broad and creative discipline that encompasses visual arts, performing arts, music, design, literature, and creative writing. Studying arts helps students explore creativity, cultural heritage, and expression through multiple mediums. In Australia, arts courses are offered at universities and TAFE institutes such as University of Melbourne, Monash Health Sciences Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Health Sciences is a multidisciplinary field that studies human health, disease prevention, treatment, and healthcare management. It encompasses areas such as nursing, public health, anatomy, physiology, medical research, and healthcare administration. In Australia, health sciences is a highly sought-after discipline offered at universities including Monash University, University of Melbourne, Literature Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Literature is the study of written works, encompassing poetry, prose, drama, fiction, and non-fiction, with a focus on understanding themes, symbolism, and cultural context. It is an essential discipline for students studying English, humanities, or creative writing at universities like University of Melbourne, Monash University, University of Sydney, and Humanities Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Humanities is the study of human culture, society, and history, encompassing disciplines such as history, philosophy, literature, sociology, linguistics, and cultural studies. It plays a crucial role in understanding human behaviour, values, and creativity. In Australia, humanities courses are offered at leading universities including University of Melbourne, Monash University, Environmental Science Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary field that studies the relationship between humans and the natural environment. It covers topics such as ecology, climate change, sustainability, pollution control, and environmental management. In Australia, environmental science is a popular field of study due to the country’s rich biodiversity and focus on Biology Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Biology is the science of life, exploring everything from molecular structures to ecosystems. It is a core subject in disciplines such as medicine, nursing, biotechnology, environmental science, and genetics. Students in Australia pursuing biology at universities like Monash University, University of Melbourne, University of Sydney, and Deakin University often Education Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Education is one of the most impactful fields of study, focusing on teaching methods, pedagogy, curriculum development, and learning strategies. Students pursuing education degrees in Australia at institutions such as the University of Melbourne, Monash University, University of Sydney, and Deakin University aim to become skilled teachers, administrators, and Economics Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Economics is the study of how societies allocate scarce resources, focusing on production, consumption, and decision-making. As one of the most popular academic fields in Australia, economics is taught at leading universities including the University of Melbourne, Monash University, University of Sydney, and ANU. Students pursuing economics often face Psychology Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and behaviour, covering areas like cognition, emotions, mental health, and social interactions. In Australia, psychology is one of the most popular disciplines, with thousands of students enrolling at universities such as the University of Melbourne, Monash University, University of Sydney, Marketing Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Marketing is a dynamic and ever-evolving discipline that plays a critical role in the success of any business. From branding and market research to digital campaigns and consumer psychology, marketing requires both creativity and analytical thinking. In Australia, marketing students studying at top institutions like the University of Melbourne, Finance Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Finance is one of the most essential fields of study, forming the backbone of global business, economics, and investment. In Australia, students pursuing degrees in finance, accounting, economics, and business management at top institutions such as Monash University, University of Melbourne, University of Sydney, and RMIT face an intense Computer Science Assignment HelpIntroduction Computer Science is one of the fastest-growing and most demanding academic disciplines worldwide. Students in Australia, the UK, and beyond pursue computer science degrees to build careers in software engineering, artificial intelligence (AI), cybersecurity, data science, and web development. However, the field is highly technical and requires extensive practical Law Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Law is one of the most intellectually challenging and competitive fields of study in Australia. Students pursuing law degrees at prestigious institutions such as Monash University, University of Melbourne, University of Sydney, and Australian National University face an intense academic workload. From legal case studies and essays to research Nursing Assignment Help AustraliaIntroduction Nursing is one of the most respected and challenging professions in Australia. Students pursuing nursing courses at top institutions such as Deakin University, Monash University, University of Melbourne, University of Sydney, and TAFE colleges face a demanding academic workload. From care plans and reflective essays to case studies and Can't Find Your Assignment?Free Assistance 1
Universal Assignment
Hello 👋 How can we help you? Open chat
|

