Q1

1.Ethical Formalism-Moral judgments are defined in phrases in their logical form (e.g., as “laws” or “well-known prescriptions”) as opposed to their content material in moral formalism (e.g., as judgments approximately what moves will satisfactory sell human well-being). The word is often related to poor connotations. Ethical formalism is a moral idea that bases morals on good judgment and reason, declaring that if something is described as incorrect or proper once, it’s miles usually described as incorrect or proper. Ethical formalism is an absolutist theory that claims there are no grey areas in moral judgement. Saying that abortion is always wrong, regardless of the reason, is an example of this.

Utilitarianism- Utilitarianism is a tradition that dates back to the late 1800s and early 1900s. The concept asserts that an action is only right if it contributes to the happiness of all those who are impacted by it. This philosophy opposes egoism, which emphasizes that a person should follow his or her own self-interest at all costs, as well as any ethical theory that sees some acts as independent. The utilitarian believes that the right act can be done with a wrong reason. According to the notion, man is sociable by nature and is motivated by a desire to be happy and avoid pain. Individual happiness is influenced by relationships with others, and state management of men’s mutual relationships is mandated by law. As a result, utilitarian theory and practical ethics and politics are inextricably linked. The state’s laws are designed to promote and protect the largest amount of people’s happiness.

Conflict of interest- The term “conflict of interest” refers to when opposing viewpoints on a situation, action, or decision exist due to an implied interest held by one of the participants. It might happen between the parties involved or between others who identify a conflict of interest. It’s critical to resolve a problem at work before it turns into a hostile work environment.

Natural Law- Natural law is a philosophy that claims that all humans inherit a common set of moral norms that govern human behavior, maybe through divine intervention. Natural regulation is a philosophy based on the idea that everybody in a given network has the equal information of what is “suitable” and “bad.” Furthermore, herbal regulation believes that everybody desires to stay an existence that is “suitable and innocent.” As a result, herbal regulation is probably taken into consideration of as the muse of “morality.” Natural regulation is the polar contrary of “high quality” or “man-made” regulation. While herbal regulation might also additionally encourage high quality regulation, high quality regulation might not encourage herbal regulation. Laws banning inebriated driving, for example, are high quality legal guidelines primarily based totally on herbal legal guidelines.

Duty of Care- The idea of obligation of care is hard to outline as it lacks a felony definition (besides in occupational fitness and protection legislation). The felony perception of negligence encompasses the idea of obligation of care, and negligence is a not unusual place regulation idea. Because the selection regarding guilt is hooked up the usage of felony precedent and societal attitudes and expectations, not unusual place regulation is occasionally referred to as judge-made regulation

Q2

Utilitarianism- In the records of philosophy, utilitarianism has been one of the maximum forceful and attractive tactics to normative ethics. Proto-utilitarian positions may be determined at some stage in the records of moral thought, albeit they had been now no longer absolutely said till the nineteenth century. Though there are numerous versions of the viewpoint, utilitarianism is normally understood to be the perception that the ethically accurate movement is the only that generates the finest quantity of good. This wide declare may be expressed in numerous ways. One component to maintain in thoughts is that the principle is a form of consequentialism, because of this that that the best movement is absolutely described with the aid of using the results it produces. Utilitarianism has undergone numerous improvements since the early twentieth century. Since the middle of the twentieth century, identifying as a ‘Consequentialist’ has grown more widespread, as few philosophers agree totally with the Classical Utilitarian’s viewpoint, notably on hedonistic value theory. However, the Classical Utilitarian’s have had a significant impact not only on moral philosophy, but also on political philosophy and social policy. The question “What use is it?” posed by Bentham is a cornerstone of policy development. It’s an entirely secular, forward-thinking question. The Classical Utopia is responsible for the articulation and methodical development of this policy-making strategy.

Conflict of interest- Conflicts of interest between political leaders and public officials have occurred for as long as there has been public administration. The idea of warfare of hobby could now no longer had been recounted in maximum pre-current societies. Public officers in some societies, together with Sasanian Iran and early Tang China, have been required to manipulate best with inside the pastimes of the country or the ultimate monarch. Whether or now no longer they did so is a specific story. But in maximum societies, whether or not it become seventeenth century England or 18th century Java, it become mechanically assumed that political leaders and officers could take gain of public workplace to enhance their very own private pastimes. It is best because the start of the present day industrializing country that the concept that public officers and their political masters must perform entirely with inside the pastimes of the country has received traction.

Q3

a.The Victoria Police Department’s objective is to serve the network and the regulation so that you can create a safe, secure, and orderly society. Our contributors have an obligation to preserve the peace, protect lifestyles and property, save you crimes, discover and seize criminals, and resource the ones in need. Victoria Police personnel are predicted to decide to the best moral standards, as espoused withinside the code of ethics. Our Professional and Ethical Standards are right here that will help you attain those dreams via way of means of outlining what the corporation regards to be expert and right behavior. The thoughts of the Code of Ethics and Organizational Values are contemplated and strengthened in those Standards

b. Luban’s four-step strategy for resolving questions of role morality:

To follow a professional norm that is in conflict with one’s own principles, one must be able to:

Justify the moral good that the appropriate societal institution provides;

Justify the professional’s role in the context of the institution’s structure;

Justify the specific role requirement in question by demonstrating that the required behaviour is critical to the role; and

Justify the role-required action by demonstrating that the role’s requirements necessitate it.

With the help of above stated strategy Alana can solve her personal values and professional values and the professional standards of Victoria Police.

c.According to the Victorian police ethics and standard Alana should inform the sergeant about his relationship with David.

Q4

Two ethical principles are as follows:

Commitment: The preference to do the proper issue at any costs.

Consciousness: The consciousness to behave continually and observe ethical convictions to every day behavior

Q5

a.Alana should follow to make an impartial evaluation and ethically appropriate judgement as a member of the police force are as follows:

• Establish the facts surrounding the ethical dilemma: Alana should first establish the facts and issues surrounding the ethical dilemma.
• Determine your legal obligations and duties.: Alana should determine her legal duties and obligations first and then move ahead.

B. Two strategies that Alana could use to manage the unethical conduct of her colleague are as follows:

• Seek Advice from a Mentor.
• Talk to your Coworker.

Q6

1. Victoria Police Code of Conduct – professional and ethical Standard- Victoria Police personnel are predicted to decide to the very best moral standards, as espoused withinside the code of ethics. The Organizational Values underpin Victoria Police’s policies, strategies and practices and the way personnel engage with the network and every other.

2. Pubic Administration Act 2004- Pubic Administration Act 2004 shield public employment from politicization via way of means of reiterating and assisting the advantage and fairness principles; sell the best requirements of public provider conduct and integrity, therefore growing public self-belief and believe in government.
3. The Victorian Charter of Human Rights (2006)- The Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (the Charter) a Victorian statute that establishes the included rights of all Victorians in addition to the Victorian government’s related obligations
4. Freedom of Information Act 1982- You have the right to request access to government-held information under the Freedom of Information Act of 1982. This includes data they have on you or knowledge about government policies and choices.
5. The Equal Opportunity Act 2010- The regulation protects human beings in opposition to discrimination in sure sectors of public existence primarily based totally on their particular traits and presents treatments for the ones who’ve been discriminated in opposition to.

6. Public Interest Disclosures Act 2012- The Public Interest Disclosures Act of 2012 (the Act) encourages and makes it easier for anyone to report improper or harmful behavior by public officers or public bodies. It also safeguards those who make those disclosures.

Q7

Alana should turn to Victorian police concerns after explaining her concerns and she should also gain support from the police force by explaining the stress she is experiencing from the work.

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