Section 1

Do not add nothing already done

Section 2 (WHAT YOU NEED TO ADD)

• Expand on colonisation , PROVIDE DEFINITION USING RESEACH ARTICLES.
• Provide references for definitions
• Provide some statics on the contemporary issues present in aboriginal people due to colonisation (for instance mortality rates) USE RESEARCH ARTICLES

Section 3 ( WHAT YOU NEED TO ADD

• Explain the terms of social determinants
• Link policy making to other social determinants
• Under each social determinants provide statics and expand how this effects the indigenous community THROUGH RESEARCH ARTICLES
• USE BIG Pharmacy example here and link to social determinants

Section 4

• Interview in 3^rd section focus on q1.3.4
• Focus more on a holistic approach THAT INDIGENOUS PEOPLE HAVE TOWARDS WESTERNISED MEDICINE
• Provide examples of culturally competent care AS A PHARMACIST 
• How can pharmacist be more culturally competent

PART 1

I am a pharmacist that is providing this information package to a broad range of health professionals In a hospital. My sense of culture sensitivity towards indigenous Australian peoples was established throughout my secondary education and work experience as a pharmacist assistant. The most significant schooling experience that had enhanced my cultural awareness was a year 12 PDHPE topic that explored the existing inequities present between Indigenous Australian peoples compared to Non-Indigenous Australians. The topic highlighted that Indigenous Australian peoples had higher rates of mortality, morbidity, prevalence of chronic disease, as well as lower socio-economic status and lower access to education and healthcare. This topic in my studies reinforced the narratives of colonisation, assimilation and institutional racism being a major cause of the statics that are present today. These statistics have motivated me to be more culturally sensitive in my life as a healthcare professional. My cultural awareness towards Indigenous Australian peoples can also be highlighted in my time working as a pharmacist assistant in city/rural locations. This first-hand experience has taught me the significance of maintaining culturally competency as a health professional. For Instance, I have learnt throughout the working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patient have a more holistic approach in terms of health and treatment. Therefore, being culturally competent is to respect these patients wishes and provide options for suitable alternative naturopathic remedies for treatments. Furthermore, my experience to maintain this competency has   also taught me to understand any health concerns about westernized medicine, counselling these patients with the advantages and disadvantages of these medications and to still respect their decision for refusal of treatment. Hence, from a health professional standpoint, the comfort of my patient is of the utmost concern. Therefore, it is my responsibility to respect a patient’s consent for intervention and therapies according to their beliefs and values which restrict the use of various treatment regimens. From my standpoint, this understanding helps me to work with patients more effectively and supports me in developing a better therapeutic relationship that will close the gap.

Part 2

Race is defined as classifying different humans according to their different cultural and physical characteristics that they portray(1). Hence racism emerges when a specific classification of people deem to claim superiority over other classification of other human beings. Racism is a dangerous tool of destruction once back with scientific evidence through racial science to reinforce this superiority.

•             Specific example: “The stolen generation” was a legally binding social experiment that took place in late 19th century to breed out the Indigenous Australian peoples race, to assimilate “half castes” into mainstream society an establish a superior “white Australia”

•             Link how this history of colonisation has directly affected the current health situation of Indigenous Australian peoples in contemporary society. Provide statics of mortality, access to health care, morbidity

PART 3

–              EXPLAIN EACH SOCIAL DETERMINANT IN RELATION TO ABORIGINAL AND TORRESS STRAIT ISLANDER PEOPLE USE STATITICS AND ARTICLES FOR EACH ONE TO SHOW THE SIGNIFICANCE

SOCIAL DETERMINENTS: Policy making, access to health care, education, health inequities

•             Policy making : CTG PBS scheme

•             Access to health care

• Policy making : CTG PBS scheme
• Access to health care

ADD THIS AT THE AND EXPLAIN HOW THIS EXAMPLE OF POLICY MAKING SOCIAL DETERMINANT LINKS TO THE OTHERS

My cultural awareness towards Indigenous Australian peoples can also be highlighted in my time working as a pharmacist assistant over the last 4 years in city/rural locations. This first-hand experience has taught me the inequalities that are present within Australia regarding Indigenous Australians. This profession exposed me to the ‘Close the Gap’ initiative, in specific the Close the Gap Pharmaceutical benefits scheme introduced in 2010 (The Closing the Gap (CTG) – PBS Co-payment Program, 2021). Where individuals of Indigenous Australian decent receive free or subsidised medications. (General patients receive subsided medication/ concession medication, however medications that are not cover by the PBS have to pay in full example weight loss, nasal sprays, anti-depressant “Valdoxon”)

Even though, the Australian government has provided these services to limit socio-economic gaps prevalent in our society, health professionals still to need to inform patients about these services as they may be unaware of this as I have personally experienced. Furthermore, this experience has allowed me to understand that despite the availability of these government resources, it is our responsibility as health professionals to understand the culture of Indigenous Australian peoples to optimize our clinical approach.

•             S100 benefits 36% of the Australian Indigenous population as not everyone is eligible to the scheme either due to lack of knowledge, applications still being processed, inability to access standard delivery or health services. (2)

•             CTG patients are not entitled to continued dispensing. ( the supply of one regular medication once a year supplied by the pharmacist only when there is no script.

Part 4

To further expand on the idea of Cultural awareness within the Indigenous community, Indigenous Australian peoples have a different perception of health compared to the western culture. Westernised medicine primarily focuses on the physical aspect of health, whereas Indigenous Australian values of health follow a more holistic approach which gives significance not only to the physical aspect but also the mental and spiritual components (Maher, 2008). From a health professional standpoint the comfort of my patient is of the utmost concern. Therefore, it is my responsibility to respect a patient’s consent for intervention and therapies according to their beliefs and values which restrict the use of various treatment regimens.

Understanding and participating in Indigenous cultures have been associated with better self-reported health, learning, practice results, and higher life fulfilment (Wilson et al., 2020). While the caring aspects of cultural safety on socio-economic and health markers are being investigated, small emphasis has been paid to the preventive impact Indigenous Australian culture might have on the community (Smith et al., 2019). I have learnt that health professionals working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals need to be aware of the enormous diversity within the Indigenous Australian community as not all Indigenous people have the same culture let alone language (Best & Fredericks, 2018)

FIND THE IN TEXT CITATIONS I HAVE ALREADY NOTED AND ADD TO THIS ASSESSMENT

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