Resources for MIS300

Please read pages 180–185 in Valacich et al. (2015). This reading introduces you to process modelling to structure system requirements. This is a graphical technique and here focuses on using data flow diagrams as a primary technique for showing the movement of data between all entities, both internal and external. Note how progressive decomposition assists in the identification of sub-processes to ensure better analysis outcomes.

Reference: Valacich, J. S., George, J. F., & Hoffer, J. (2015). Essentials of systems analysis and design, global edition. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy.laureate.net.au/lib/think/reader.action?docID=5187058&ppg=181

Please read page 145 in Tilley (2019). It is important to understand the difference between logical and physical models. Logical models show ‘what’ the system does whilst ‘physical’ models show how it is done. Used in conjunction, they help the analysts to better understand the systems being built.

Reference: Tilley, S. (2019). Systems analysis and design. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/lib/think/reader.action?docID=6351084&ppg=165

This video explains how the organisation fits within the context of the world of external entities. It is a high-level snapshot of the entities outside the organisation that the organisation interacts with and is a very good first point of departure before progressing to deeper forms of analysis with data flow diagrams.

Reference: Thomas, H. (2020, June 15). The purpose of the context diagram [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/learning/business-analysis-foundations-business-process-modeling/the-purpose-of-the-context-diagram?u=2104756

This video describes key terms associated with context diagrams and will help you not only to develop your context diagramming technique but also to develop the language of the analyst in discussing this tool. Pay attention to the notation conventions as explained in this video.

Reference: Thomas, H. (2020, June 15). Context diagram features [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/learning/business-analysis-foundations-business-process-modeling/context-diagram-features-2?u=2104756

This video explains how context diagrams are a good foundational technique for developing shared understanding. Note the utility that Wick advises context diagrams offer teams. Wick, as with many others, describes the context diagram as showing ‘the big picture’. Pay close attention to the example she works through as this will help you to develop both the thinking and the techniques required to create your own context diagram.

Reference: Wick, A. (2017, August 20). Context diagrams [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/learning/requirements-elicitation-and-analysis/context-diagrams?u=2104756

This video explains what a data flow diagram is, how it identifies processes, how it captures the data required at specific points of the process flow, and which databases will have information updated.

Reference: Wick, A. (2017, August 20). Data flow diagram [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/learning/requirements-elicitation-and-analysis/data-flow-diagrams?u=2104756

: Please read pages 145–146 in Tilley (2019). This is a very short reading and defines data flow diagrams in brief to explain how data flow diagrams provide a logical model for what the system does.

Reference: Tilley, S. (2019). Systems analysis and design. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/lib/think/reader.action?docID=6351084&ppg=165

Please read pages 143–149 in Tilley & Rosenblatt (2016). This section will help you to understand the required symbols and notation technique required for documenting a data flow diagram. Please pay attention to the examples that show you correct and incorrect techniques so that you can improve your practice.

Reference: Tilley, S., & Rosenblatt, H. J. (2016). Systems analysis and design. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy.laureate.net.au/lib/think/reader.action?docID=4748476&ppg=163

: Please read pages 160–165 in Tilley & Rosenblatt (2016). This reading will help you to understand what a data dictionary is and how it is documented. Note the different parts of the data dictionary: data elements, flows, stores, processes, entities, and records.

Reference: Tilley, S., & Rosenblatt, H. J. (2016). Systems analysis and design. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy.laureate.net.au/lib/think/reader.action?docID=4748476&ppg=181

Sometimes, the distinction between a context diagram and lower-level DFDs that become more detailed can be confusing. This video clip describes the differences between the techniques.

Reference: Kalodikis, C. (2016, July 19). The difference between context and data flow diagrams [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewYi6pHulwg

This video is a very quick and accessible explanation of how to do a context diagram, which will help with the simple context diagram you need to create for your assessment.

Reference: Thomas, H. (2020, June 15). How to create a context diagram [Video file] Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/learning/business-analysis-foundations-business-process-modeling/how-to-create-a-context-diagram-2?u=2104756

: Please read pages 155–163 in Tilley (2019). This is an example that you can work through to develop your context diagram drawing techniques and capabilities. This is an important step to ensure that your decomposition of data flow diagrams considers all external entities.

Reference: Tilley, S. (2019). Systems analysis and design. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/lib/think/reader.action?docID=6351084&ppg=175

Please read pages 187–195 in Valacich et al. (2015). Please work through the example for ‘Hoosie Burger’ in this reading as it will help you to understand the practical process of developing both context diagrams and data flow diagrams as one progresses sequentially from Level-0 diagrams to decompose to lower-level DFDs. Please pay close attention to the section on balancing DFDs.

Reference: Valacich, J. S., George, J. F., & Hoffer, J. (2015). Essentials of systems analysis and design, global edition. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy.laureate.net.au/lib/think/reader.action?docID=5187058&ppg=188

Please read pages 149–160 in Tilley (2019). By following the example they have given, you can understand what the process is for developing a set of data flow diagrams. Balancing data flow diagrams (page 157) are worth additional attention as this practice will ensure development of good data flow diagrams.

Reference: Tilley, S. (2019). Systems analysis and design. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/lib/think/reader.action?docID=6351084&ppg=169

This brief video is a fun example of how processes shown via the animation translate via notation techniques into data flow diagrams in the hands on an analyst. It is purely graphic with no commentary so can safely be played without sound.

Reference: Visual Paradigm. (2015, February 24). How to draw a data flow diagram [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztZsEI6C-mI

Please read page 145 in Tilley (2019), which explains the difference between logical and physical models. Note the difference between the purpose of logical and physical models and the four-model approach, which offers good learning opportunities in making changes to existing models.

Reference: Tilley, S. (2019). Systems analysis and design. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/lib/think/reader.action?docID=6351084&ppg=165

Please read pages 269–272 in Tilley (2019), which includes several important concepts. Note the information about how data structures create a framework for organising, storing, and managing data. The examples are very useful for creating clarity about how data structures are expressed. Database management systems also deserve attention.

Reference: Tilley, S. (2019). Systems analysis and design. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/lib/think/reader.action?docID=6351084&ppg=289

Please read pages 272–274 in Tilley (2019). The database management system is made up of several components, and it is worth being clear on these items. There are three primary interface points that

support the use of the data. A schema (and subschemas) defines the database and can be used to control how data is made available to different users. This in turn reflects the physical data repository.

Reference: Tilley, S. (2019). Systems analysis and design. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/lib/think/reader.action?docID=6351084&ppg=292

Please read pages 275–279 in Tilley (2019). This is a short reading but the terms explained in this reading will help you to both define and understand the fundamental elements that make up a database. Having a clear understanding of what an entity is will inform your understanding of entity relationship diagrams.

Reference: Tilley, S. (2019). Systems analysis and design. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/lib/think/reader.action?docID=6351084&ppg=295

Please read pages 280–284 in Tilley (2019), which will take you through the step-by-step process required to build an entity relationship diagram (ERD). The simplified method will help you start with the basics and layer your understanding with progressive complexity as you proceed. As you progress, you will develop an understanding of the nature of relationships, whether they are one-to-many or many-to-many. Once you have a good understanding of relationships, transitioning your thinking to cardinality and crow’s foot notation will be much easier.

Reference: Tilley, S. (2019). Systems analysis and design. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/lib/think/reader.action?docID=6351084&ppg=300

: Please read pages 100–103 in Satzinger et al. (2015). This is an alternative short reading explaining ERDs.

Reference: Satzinger, W., Robert, B. J., & Stephen, D. B. (2015). Systems analysis and design in a changing world. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/lib/think/reader.action?docID=6351182&ppg=130

This video offers you an opportunity to watch an entity relationship diagram being developed. It isn’t long and you will gain a better understanding of the techniques like crow’s foot notation and concepts like cardinality. This is Part 1—please ensure that you watch this and Part 2 below.

Reference: Lucidchart. (2017, March 7). Entity relationship diagram (ERD) tutorial – part 1 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpdhBUYk7Kk

This video offers you an opportunity to watch an entity relationship diagram being developed. It isn’t long and you will gain a better understanding of the techniques like crow’s foot notation and concepts like cardinality. This is Part 2—please ensure that you watch Part 1 first as sequential viewing is important for your knowledge building.

Reference: Lucidchart. (2017, March 7). Entity relationship diagram (ERD) tutorial – part 2 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CuY5ADwn24

There are several free tools that you can use to create your ERD. Lucidchart is one of the more usable options although the free version does have limits on how many items you can create. This video is here should you choose to use Lucidchart as a diagramming tool.

Reference: Koets, T. (2015, September 20). Creating an ERD with Lucidchart [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9L0CMnDGuLg

This short video explains that there are many types of databases but relational databases that organise data into related tables are the most common. You will have seen the table structures explained in the video before, but the examples remain useful.

Reference: Simpson, S. (2019, March 28). Relational databases [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/learning/programming-foundations-databases-2/relational-databases-2?u=2104756

This video explains keys and how they are defined—it is supplementary to your other readings. Pay close attention to primary and foreign keys.

Reference: Simpson, S. (2019, March 28). Key and unique values. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/learning/programming-foundations-databases-2/keys-and-unique-values-2?u=2104756

Relationships between tables enable better use of data. As you can see from this video, the one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-one relationships that we documented in the ERD translate into the relationships between tables. These relationships are enabled by using a primary key from one table as a foreign key in another related table. Alternatively, a linking or associative table can be used to show many-to-many relationships.

Reference: Simpson, S. (2019, March 28). Relationships [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/learning/programming-foundations-databases-2/relationships-2?u=2104756

Please read pages 263–272 in Satzinger et al. (2015), which will explain the concepts and principles of relational databases. The example in the ‘Designing Relational Databases’ section will allow you to practically work through these concepts. Note how primary keys are selected and how associations (or relationships) are annotated. These will contribute to the development of a database schema.

Reference: Satzinger, W., Robert, B. J., & Stephen, D. B. (2015). Systems analysis and design in a changing world. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/lib/think/reader.action?docID=6351182&ppg=293

This video explains what normalisation is and the purpose that it serves: better organising data and reducing redundancy. Being able to normalise data through first normal form (1NF), through second normal form (2NF) to third normal form (3NF) following the rules of each allows you to prevent problems with your data.

Reference: Simpson, S. (2019, March 28). Normalization [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/learning/programming-foundations-databases-2/normalization-2?u=2104756

Pay close attention to the definition of what first normal form is and look at the examples that do not conformed to this definition. This will help you to build tables in your assessment that meet the requirements of first normal form: one and only one value in each cell and no repeating groups. Note the potential remedies for problems in achieving first normal form.

Reference: Simpson, S. (2019, March 28). First normal form [Video file]. Retrieved from. https://www.linkedin.com/learning/programming-foundations-databases-2/first-normal-form?u=2104756

: Pay close attention to the definition of what second normal form is and look at the examples that do not conform to this definition. This will help you to build tables in your assessment that meet the requirements of second normal form: no value in a table should depend on only part of a key—think composite keys. Note the potential remedies for problems in achieving first normal form.

Reference: Simpson, S. (2019, March 28). Second normal form [Video file]. Retrieved from. https://www.linkedin.com/learning/programming-foundations-databases-2/second-normal-form?u=2104756

This video explains what is required to normalise data to third normal form. Data that is third normal form means that data duplication is avoided to simplify data management and avoid data inconsistency. Note how in the example that if data can be calculated based on a rule applied to an existing data item, rather than creating a separate column, it is preferred to calculate the data to avoid creating a data anomaly.

Reference: Simpson, S. (2019, March 28). Third normal form [Video file]. Retrieved from. https://www.linkedin.com/learning/programming-foundations-databases-2/third-normal-form-2?u=2104756

Please read pages 284–291 in Tilley (2019), which also explains the rules of data normalisation. However, it uses different examples from the prior essential resource and offers additional information. Both readings are required and complement each other to ensure that you have a well-developed understanding of data normalisation.

Reference: Tilley, S. (2019). Systems analysis and design. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/lib/think/reader.action?docID=6351084&ppg=304

This video explains data schemas and gives you insights into how schemas can influence the efficiency of databases for queries.

Reference: Intricity 101. (2019, December 3). What is a database schema? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BZz8R7mqu0

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