Statistics public health analysis
Introduction
Crescentville’s City Council is interested in learning more about the variables that contribute to persons developing osteoarthritis in their community. They’ve put out a call for the best researchers to help them shape their future public health policies and actions. They have historical data from the Council of Crescentville’s census index, which shows that there are 17,935 people aged 6 to 80 years old. The Council wants to look at the link between response time and physical activity, as both of these factors may be influenced by osteoarthritis.
1. The major risk factor which contributes to osteoarthritis is obesity where obese persons are more prone to develop knee osteoarthritis than those who are not. Excess weight might aggravate additional strain on joints, especially weight-bearing joints like the hips and knees. Another issue is cigarette smoking, which increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can aggravate the disease. This can lead to a variety of other health problems. Smoking makes it harder to keep a healthy level of activity, which is important for managing RA and other types of arthritis (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022).
Section A
2. Following options are correct:
A sampling frame of the entire population, along with their age and the proportions of each subgroup in the population is needed to achieve this stratified sampling.
Stratified sampling allows for the sampling to be random within each sub-group being investigated (in this case, each age group) – so the proportions of the different age groups are the same in the population and the sample.
Age is often referred to as “the universal confounder” – so reaction time might be affected by age.
3.
| Variable | Descriptors | Type of Data |
| Age | Years | Continuous |
| Gender | Male/Female | Nominal |
| Physical activity | hours | Continuous |
| Reaction time | Seconds | Continuous |
| Reaction time: Slow and quick | Slow (>= 0.31 sec) and Quick (< 0.31 sec) | Ordinal |
| Handedness | Left Handed (LH) and Right Handed (RH) | Nominal |
4. Graph of reaction time:
Figure 1: Reaction time (seconds)
5.
The mean reaction time is 0.3155.
6.
The median reaction time is 0.3127.
7.
Yes, the given statement is true, as graph does not show very high extremes in data and data ranges from 0.16 to 0.49. The mean and median are more or less same, which means mean and median both represent the data proportionately. Thus, mean is a good statistic to describe the reaction time.
8.
The appropriate summary statistics would be mean, median and standard deviation.
9.
Range of sample:
Maximum value= 0.4981
Minimum value= 0.1592
Range= maximum value – minimum value = 0.3389
10.
Standard deviation= 0.0743
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