Written Assessment: Case Study 1 Nursing Solved

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Written Assessment: Case Study 1

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Introduction

Nursing assessments involves the process through which a nurse gathers data on a patient’s physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. Nursing evaluation is often used to determine the present and future requirements of patients for care (Forster, 2017). Throughout the evaluation, nurses may detect indications of prospective or persistent health problems that must to be treated. Critical thinking abilities used throughout the nursing practice offer a decision-making paradigm for developing and guiding an evidence-based strategy of service for the patients (Toney-Butler & Unison-Pace, 2018).

The word ‘bias’ is often used to relate towards both implicit preconceptions and biases, which poses significant issues in the field of healthcare (Schultz & Baker, 2017). However, whenever nurses and several other health-care practitioners harbor inherent biases, they might well make a significant contribution to the medical disparities witnessed by participants of ethnic, regional, and minority religions, as well as other communities that experience discrimination due to variables such as sexuality, gender expression, impairment, or stigmatized diagnoses (Narayan, 2019). Furthermore, there are methods practitioners can employ to identify unconscious unfavorable attitudes towards different patient populations. The evaluations will concentrate on critically examining Case Study 1, which involves a patient who has had an ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. The pathophysiology of the patient’s current state will be explored and related to various diagnoses.

Body

A blood clot causes an ischemic stroke. The term ‘ischemic’ refers to a condition in which the oxygen and blood flow to a brain region has been compromised. This is often caused by reduced blood flow or clotting in an artery, which prevents blood flow. Facial paralysis develops after a stroke whenever the nerves inside the brain that is responsible for facial muscles are injured (Onder et al., 2017). Depending upon the stroke, brain cells are damaged as a result of a shortage of oxygen or as a result of excessive pressure upon the brain cells produced by bleeding. In each instance, brain cells may be destroyed within minutes (Zhang et al., 2020). Slurred speech secondary to brainstem ischemia is often due to a cranial neuropathy due to ischemic stroke.

Additionally, the patient may be asked to attempt to manipulate their face muscles via raising their brow, shutting their eyes, smiling, or frowning. Electromyography (which evaluates the condition of muscles as well as the nerves that govern these), neuroimaging scans, as well as diagnostic blood tests may all aid in determining the cause of the paralysis.

Atrial fibrillation: Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm, also known as a type of arrhythmia. It can interrupt the normal flow of blood in the body and increase the risk of blood clots and stroke. Increased cholesterol concentrations lead to alterations in the porosity of the artery endothelial cells (Hagiwara et al., 2018). Hyperlipidemia increases atherosclerosis, or arterial hardening, which occurs when the blood vessels become stiff or narrowed as a result of plaque accumulation and is linked with an elevated risk of ischemic stroke. Atrial fibrillation (AF) has strong associations with other cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and type-2 diabetes.

Hypertension is another such issue causing ischemic stroke as blood vessels which are damaged due to high blood pressure could leak or rupture (Cipolla et al., 2018). Hypertension can also result in blood clots formation in the arteries connecting the brain, blockage of blood flow can significantly cause ischemic stroke. Atorvastatin which the patient is taking is also an indication for stroke as it is used to reduce cholesterol levels and also prevent various heart conditions like ischemic stroke.

References

Cipolla, M. J., Liebeskind, D. S., & Chan, S. L. (2018). The importance of comorbidities in ischemic stroke: Impact of hypertension on the cerebral circulation. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 38(12), 2129-2149.

Forster, S. (2017). Nursing assessments. In Nursing Older People (pp. 1-10). Routledge.

Hagiwara, Y., Fujita, H., Oh, S. L., Tan, J. H., San Tan, R., Ciaccio, E. J., & Acharya, U. R. (2018). Computer-aided diagnosis of atrial fibrillation based on ECG signals: A review. Information Sciences, 467, 99-114.

Narayan, M. C. (2019). CE: addressing implicit bias in nursing: a review. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 119(7), 36-43.

Onder, H., Albayrak, L., & Polat, H. (2017). Frontal lobe ischemic stroke presenting with peripheral type facial palsy: A crucial diagnostic challenge in emergency practice. Turkish journal of emergency medicine, 17(3), 112-114.

Schultz, P. L., & Baker, J. (2017). Teaching strategies to increase nursing student acceptance and management of unconscious bias. Journal of Nursing Education, 56(11), 692-696.

Toney-Butler, T. J., & Unison-Pace, W. J. (2018). Nursing admission assessment and examination.

Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Cao, X., Xu, X., Zhu, Y., & Wang, C. (2020). Effect of multi-level stroke education on treatment and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20(3), 2888-2894.

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