Density of sodium chloride solutions

Density of sodium chloride solutions

Objectives

  • Use techniques of measurement for calibration.
  • Calculate the density of a sodium chloride solution.
  • Evaluate sources of error and their effect on an experiment.

Pre-lab quiz

Have you completed the pre-lab quiz for this laboratory session?

This can be found on the unit MyLO page and completed any time before your lab session.
Quizzes must be completed prior to starting your laboratory activities.

Materials

  • Digital scales
  • Approx. 20g of sodium chloride
  • Large beaker
  • Small beaker
  • 10 mL graduated cylinder
  • Stirring rod (plastic, glass, or metal.  Not wood)
  • Digital thermometer
  • Water

 

Safety Considerations

  1. Ensure electrical equipment is inspected and maintained before use.  Electrical equipment not in good working order should not be used.
  2. Remember to handle glassware with care and inspect prior to use for chips or defects.

Procedure

A. Prepare the Sodium chloride Solution

In this first part, you will need to prepare the solution we are testing in today’s experiment.  You are doing some simple maths calculations to determine what measurement of each ingredient is needed.  There are a few potential steps that can introduce inaccuracies.  This is perfectly fine so long as you are aware of where these appear and can account for them later with your final data.

  1. You will prepare a 15% sodium chloride solution.  In the data section, work out the approximate mass of sodium chloride that is needed to make a 100 g sample of the assigned concentration. And complete Table 2.
  2. Tare (zero) the scale to be used. Place the larger beaker on the scale and record the mass in your data section in Table 3.
  3. Add the approximate mass of the sodium chloride calculated (in step 1) to the beaker and record the mass of beaker and sodium chloride in Table 3.
  4. Add water to the beaker until you have reached approximately 100 g of total solution.  There is no need to spend a great deal of time getting the value at precisely 100g, your calculations are all proportional to the amount recorded.
  5. Record this final total mass (of the beaker, sodium chloride, and water) in Table 3.
  6. Using the stirring rod, gently stir to dissolve the sodium chloride. 

Place this solution aside ready for Part C further down.

Part B. Calibration of a 10.0 Graduated Cylinder

In this section of the experiment, you are running trials to see how precisely a graduated cylinder delivers 10ml of liquid water.  The outcome of your trials will reveal how much variation it contributes to the final data because of equipment related discrepancies.  It answers the question: am I really delivering 10ml of water to my test?

  1. Measure the temperature of the room by leaving your thermometer on the counter (make sure the metal prong is not touching any surface) and identify the density of water at that temperature using Table 1 below. Record this in Table 4 in the results section.  

    Table 1    Density of water at different temperatures
Temp (°C)dH2O (g/mL) Temp (°C)dH2O (g/mL)
18.00.99860 22.00.99777
19.00.99841 23.00.99754
20.00.99820 24.00.99730
21.00.99799 25.00.99704
  1. Place the small clear beaker on the scales, then tare it. (The balance should read zero with the beaker on the measuring pan so that the beaker’s mass does not need to be subtracted each time.)
  2. Measure exactly 10.0 mL of water using the 10 mL measuring cylinder. It’s important to be as accurate as you can for this step so take your time.
  3. Transfer the water to the tared beaker and record the mass of the water added in Table 4.
  4. Pour the water down the drain.
  5. Repeat this trial three times. Remember to tare the beaker each time it is weighed since it might still contain residual water.
  6. Use the mass measured and density of water at the temperature of the lab to calculate the volume of water actually delivered by your measuring device.

Part C. Measuring the Density of Prepared Sodium chloride Solution

In the last 2 parts, you are using your prepared solution and measuring the density via the use of a calibrated measuring cylinder.  The result will reveal how precise your accurate data is compared with the (theoretical) calculations you conducted at the beginning of this session.  The discrepancies between actual and theory is an indication of potential errors, which helps you to fine-tune your skills and techniques.

  1. Place the small (clean and dried) beaker on your digital scales once again and tare it.
  2. Rinse the ‘calibrated’ measuring cylinder with a small volume of the sodium chloride solution and discard to remove any residual water.
  3. Measure exactly 10.0 mL of the sodium chloride solution prepared in Part A using your ‘calibrated’ 10 mL measuring cylinder. In other words, use exactly the same measuring cylinder as you used for part B, do not swap for another one.
  4. Transfer the solution to the tared beaker and record the mass in Table 5.
  5. Discard the solution into the sink.
  6. Repeat this trial three times. Remember to tare the beaker each time it is weighed since it might still contain residual solution.
  7. Use the recorded masses of 10 mL of sodium chloride and the calibrated volume of the graduated cylinder (from Part B) to calculate the density of the sodium chloride solution.

   Part D. Error Analysis

  1. Using the Sodium chloride Solution Mass concentration (% w/w) determined in Part A, read the theoretical density from the Graph in Figure 1.
  2. Calculate the % Error using the density determined in Part C as the Experimental value and the density from the graph as the Theoretical value. 

Scan and submit the following pages

Experimental Data and Results

  1. Preparation of the Sodium chloride Solution

Table 2. Preparation of sodium chloride solution steps 1 – 3

Use the equation to work out:  
Mass of solute (sodium chloride) needed        g  
Mass of water needed        g  

Table 3. Preparation of sodium chloride solution steps 4 – 6

 Mass (g)
Empty beaker 
Sodium chloride + beaker 
Sodium chloride + beaker + water 
Calculated actual mass of solute (sodium chloride) 
Calculated actual mass of solution (Water + sodium chloride) 
Calculated actual mass % (w/w) of sodium chloride solution  
Temperature of Lab 


  •  Calibration of a 10.0 Graduated Cylinder

Table 4            Calibration of 10 mL measuring cylinder

            Temperature of the room. 
Density of water at this Temperature
(obtain from Table 1 in method)
 
  Calculate volume of water using the recorded mass from each trial and density of water at measured temperature using this equation:

 
Trial #Recorded Mass of Water (g)Calculated Volume of Water (mL) Show your workings out
1              
2              
3              
 Average Volume Deliveredml


  • Measuring the Density of Prepared Sodium chloride Solution

Table 5 Measurement of Density of Sodium chloride Solution

Average volume delivered by 10 mL measuring cylinder (from part B) 
  Calculate the density by using your recorded mass from each trial and the volume from part B calibration using this same equation:  
Trial #Recorded Mass of Sodium chloride Solution (g)Density of Sodium chloride Solution (g/mL) Show your workings out
1              
2              
3              
 Average Sodium chloride Solution Density(g/mL)

Figure 1 Sodium chloride solution density at 20 °C (Simion, Grigoras, Rosu & Gavrila 2015).

  • Error analysis

Table 6. Error Analysis of Sodium chloride Solution Preparation

Calculated actual sodium chloride solution mass % (w/w)
from Part A
 
Theoretical Density
 
(Read off figure 1)
 
Average Sodium chloride Solution Density
(from Part C)
 
  Use this space to work it out:                

Discussion Questions

  1. State the percent error calculated from your data today.  Then, try to pinpoint and explain at least 2 parts of the procedure where you suspect contributed to the error.  Think about all the different types of errors taught in the week 1 content and use the correct terminology.

  • When weighing out some sodium chloride in today’s lab, a student delivered most of the spatula full into the beaker but spilled some of it onto the balance. After recording the mass, they proceeded with the experiment using the NaCl in the beaker.  What kind of error does this produce?  Explain what you might do if this happened to you so that you ensure there is minimal error.
  • In today’s lab you needed to calibrate the measuring cylinder by measuring water three times.  Explain why a minimum of 3 trials is always recommended?

References:

Simion, AI, Grigoras, C, Rosu, A-M & Gavrila, L 2015, Mathematical modelling of density and viscosity of NaCl aqueous solutions, Journal of Agroalimentary Processing and Technologies, vol. 21, pp. 41-52.

Order Now
No Fields Found.
Universal Assignment (July 19, 2025) Density of sodium chloride solutions. Retrieved from https://universalassignment.com/density-of-sodium-chloride-solutions/.
"Density of sodium chloride solutions." Universal Assignment - July 19, 2025, https://universalassignment.com/density-of-sodium-chloride-solutions/
Universal Assignment July 7, 2022 Density of sodium chloride solutions., viewed July 19, 2025,<https://universalassignment.com/density-of-sodium-chloride-solutions/>
Universal Assignment - Density of sodium chloride solutions. [Internet]. [Accessed July 19, 2025]. Available from: https://universalassignment.com/density-of-sodium-chloride-solutions/
"Density of sodium chloride solutions." Universal Assignment - Accessed July 19, 2025. https://universalassignment.com/density-of-sodium-chloride-solutions/
"Density of sodium chloride solutions." Universal Assignment [Online]. Available: https://universalassignment.com/density-of-sodium-chloride-solutions/. [Accessed: July 19, 2025]

Please note along with our service, we will provide you with the following deliverables:

Please do not hesitate to put forward any queries regarding the service provision.

We look forward to having you on board with us.

Categories

Get 90%* Discount on Assignment Help

Most Frequent Questions & Answers

Universal Assignment Services is the best place to get help in your all kind of assignment help. We have 172+ experts available, who can help you to get HD+ grades. We also provide Free Plag report, Free Revisions,Best Price in the industry guaranteed.

We provide all kinds of assignmednt help, Report writing, Essay Writing, Dissertations, Thesis writing, Research Proposal, Research Report, Home work help, Question Answers help, Case studies, mathematical and Statistical tasks, Website development, Android application, Resume/CV writing, SOP(Statement of Purpose) Writing, Blog/Article, Poster making and so on.

We are available round the clock, 24X7, 365 days. You can appach us to our Whatsapp number +1 (613)778 8542 or email to info@universalassignment.com . We provide Free revision policy, if you need and revisions to be done on the task, we will do the same for you as soon as possible.

We provide services mainly to all major institutes and Universities in Australia, Canada, China, Malaysia, India, South Africa, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

We provide lucrative discounts from 28% to 70% as per the wordcount, Technicality, Deadline and the number of your previous assignments done with us.

After your assignment request our team will check and update you the best suitable service for you alongwith the charges for the task. After confirmation and payment team will start the work and provide the task as per the deadline.

Yes, we will provide Plagirism free task and a free turnitin report along with the task without any extra cost.

No, if the main requirement is same, you don’t have to pay any additional amount. But it there is a additional requirement, then you have to pay the balance amount in order to get the revised solution.

The Fees are as minimum as $10 per page(1 page=250 words) and in case of a big task, we provide huge discounts.

We accept all the major Credit and Debit Cards for the payment. We do accept Paypal also.

Popular Assignments

Assignment Help in Lucknow – AI-Enhanced, Plagiarism-Free Academic Support

Are you a student in Lucknow struggling with complex assignments and tight deadlines? Whether you study at University of Lucknow, Amity University Lucknow, Integral University, or Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (AKTU), UniversalAssignment.com offers you reliable and high-quality assignment help in Lucknow with zero plagiarism and 100% confidentiality. We

Read More »

Assignment Help in Jaipur – AI-Powered, Plagiarism-Free Academic Assistance

Are you a student in Jaipur looking for high-quality, plagiarism-free academic support? Whether you’re pursuing engineering at MNIT, management at Jaipuria Institute, or law at Amity University Jaipur, UniversalAssignment.com is your one-stop solution for top-rated assignment help in Jaipur. We deliver AI-enhanced assignments with Turnitin-style plagiarism reports, expert-level research, and

Read More »

Assignment Help in Pune – AI-Based, Plagiarism-Free Academic Solutions

Are you a student in Pune struggling to complete assignments on time? Whether you’re from Savitribai Phule Pune University, Symbiosis International University, MIT-WPU, or Bharati Vidyapeeth, UniversalAssignment.com offers the most reliable and affordable assignment help in Pune — with zero plagiarism and AI-enhanced quality checks. We specialize in delivering university-specific,

Read More »

Assignment Help in Kolkata – AI-Enhanced, Plagiarism-Free Academic Support

Are you a student in Kolkata struggling with tough assignments, research papers, or academic deadlines? Whether you are studying at University of Calcutta, Jadavpur University, or Presidency University, UniversalAssignment.com is your trusted platform for reliable, plagiarism-free and AI-powered assignment help in Kolkata. We provide high-quality academic writing support to students

Read More »

Assignment Help in Mumbai – Trusted, AI-Powered & 100% Plagiarism-Free

Are you a student in Mumbai struggling with tight deadlines, complex assignments, or back-to-back submissions? Don’t worry — Universal Assignment offers the most trusted and professional assignment help in Mumbai, blending AI-powered tools with human expertise to deliver original, high-quality content every time. Whether you’re enrolled in Mumbai University, IIT

Read More »

Sociology Project: Case Analysis of Sarah

Assessment 3 – Final Project (35%)Final ProjectA 2000-word project consisting of three parts.Due: Sunday of Week 11Throughout the trimester, we discuss several serious social issues (e.g., family violence, inequality, poverty, mental health, addiction) and also examine various sociological perspectives (theories) that allow us to view these issues from different angles,

Read More »

ACC1AMD – Fundamentals of Accounting

GENERAL INFORMATION SUBMISSION: RELEVANT SUBJECT LEARNING INTENDED OUTCOMESSILO 1 – Explain the role of accounting in the business environmentSILO 2 – Apply fundamental accounting concepts and ethical principles in recording and reportingbusiness transactions.SILO 3 – Prepare basic financial statements and analyse financial reports for decision-making purposes.SILO 4 – Use information

Read More »

ICT504 IT Project Management

ICT504 IT Project ManagementActivity – Week 11Tech Innovate, a mid-sized technology firm specializing in software development, decided tooutsource its IT support services to a third-party provider, IT Assist Solutions, based in anothercountry. IT Assist Solutions was chosen for its competitive pricing, proven track record andability to provide 24/7 support. The

Read More »

EC502 Language and Literacy in the Early Years

Detailed Assessment Brief Assessment 1- Individual Assessment – Essay Unit Code/Description EC502 Language and Literacy in the Early Years Course/Subject Bachelor of Early Childhood Education Semester March 2025 Assessment Overview   Unit Learning Outcomes Addressed 1, 2, 3, 4 Assessment Objective Assessment 2: Essay Provide a critical review of relevant

Read More »

Examining the Factors Influencing Tourist Arrival

Assignment TaskYou are a strategist working for a major hospitality group based in Australia. The company is planninginternational expansion, and the board has asked you to compile a report to identify the most suitablelocation for the project. The board has shortlisted two international locations (which will be allocatedto you by

Read More »

Decision Making and Problem solving

Assignment Title:“What Are People Saying Online? Using Internet-Based Qualitative Research to SupportBusiness Decision-Making”OverviewIn this assignment, your group (2-4 students from same campus) will investigate howpeople talk online about a business, product, or issue. Using qualitative research techniques,you will collect online data, identify key themes, and recommend actions a business cantake

Read More »

HGA237|337 Juvenile Justice and Child Protection

InstructionsPlease read these instructions carefully. The submission time is Tuesday 10th of June 11:59pm. This is an open-book examination which should take no longer than2 hours to complete. You should set aside 15 minutes for readingtime in addition to these 2 hours. The total time therefore should be2 hours and

Read More »

Assignment Help in Turkey – AI-Powered, Plagiarism-Free Solutions

Are you a student in Turkey seeking reliable assignment help that’s fast, affordable, and 100% original? Universal Assignment combines expert academic guidance with advanced AI tools to deliver top-quality, plagiarism-free work—tailored for students in Istanbul, Ankara, İzmir, and all over Turkey. Why Universal Assignment is Turkey’s #1 Choice Turkish students

Read More »

Assignment Help in Greece – AI-Powered, Plagiarism-Free Academic Support

Struggling with tight deadlines and complex academic tasks in Greece? Whether you’re studying in Athens, Thessaloniki, Patras, or any other city, Universal Assignment is your trusted platform for assignment help in Greece. We combine expert academic writers with advanced AI tools to deliver high-quality, plagiarism-free solutions—on time, every time. ✅

Read More »

Assignment Help in Iraq – AI-Powered, Plagiarism-Free Academic Solutions

Need expert assignment help in Iraq? Whether you’re studying in Baghdad, Basra, Erbil, Mosul, or Karbala, Universal Assignment provides reliable, AI-driven academic support with 100% plagiarism-free work, fast delivery, and expert guidance for students at all academic levels. ✅ Why Students in Iraq Trust Universal Assignment With increasing academic pressure

Read More »

Assignment Help in Uzbekistan – AI-Powered, Plagiarism-Free Academic Services

Assignment Help in Uz Are you a student in Uzbekistan looking for expert, affordable, and 100% original assignment help? Whether you’re studying in Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Andijan, or Nukus, Universal Assignment delivers high-quality academic support that combines expert writers and AI-powered tools — ensuring you receive plagiarism-free, well-researched content every

Read More »

Assignment Help in Thailand – 100% Original & AI-Powered Academic Assistance

Are you a student in Thailand feeling overwhelmed by academic deadlines, complex assignments, or language barriers? Whether you’re studying in Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, Pattaya, or Phuket, Universal Assignment is your trusted partner for fast, affordable, and high-quality assignment help in Thailand. We deliver AI-enhanced, plagiarism-free academic solutions tailored

Read More »

Assignment Help in New Zealand – Plagiarism-Free, AI-Enhanced Academic Support

Need assignment help in New Zealand that’s fast, affordable, and 100% original? Whether you’re studying in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Hamilton, or Dunedin, Universal Assignment is your go-to academic partner. We combine expert writers and AI-powered tools to deliver assignments that meet New Zealand’s university standards—with a guaranteed plagiarism-free report. ✅

Read More »

Assignment Help in Colombia – AI-Powered, 100% Plagiarism-Free Support

Are you a student in Colombia facing academic pressure and tight deadlines? Whether you’re studying in Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, or Cartagena, Universal Assignment provides expert, fast, and affordable assignment help in Colombia — powered by advanced AI tools and professional academic writers. ✅ Why Universal Assignment is Colombia’s Top

Read More »

Can't Find Your Assignment?